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References and Resources

U.S. Federal Communications Commission, “Memorandum opinion, order and authorization in the matter of Space Exploration Holdings, LLC,” 28 March 2018.

I. Klotz. “Showdown at LEO,” Aviation Week & Space Technology, 6 May 2019, pp. 50–53.

Viasat. “Viasat contracted to deliver the world’s first link 16-capable low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft,” press release, 22 May 2019.

D. Coldewey. “Near miss between science craft and Starlink satellite shows need to improve orbital coordination,” TechCrunch, 3 September 2019.

A. Mallama. “A flat-panel brightness model for the Starlink satellites and measurement of their absolute visual magnitude,” arXiv:2003.07805 (2020).

A. Mallama. “The brightness of OneWeb satellites,” arxiv:2012.05100 (2020).

J.C. McDowell. “The low-earth orbit satellite population and impacts of the SpaceX Starlink constellation,” Astrophys. Journal 892, L36 (2020).

M.L. Rawls et al. “Satellite constellation internet affordability and need,” Res. Notes AAS 4, 189 (2020).

J. Tregloan-Reed et al. “First observations and magnitude measurements of Starlink’s Darksat,” Astron. Astrophys. 637, L1 (2020).

J.A. Tyson et al. “Mitigation of LEO satellite brightness and trail effects on the Rubin Observatory LSST,” Astron. J. 160, 226 (2020).

A. Venkatesan et al. “The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons,” Nat. Astron. 4, 1043 (2020).

SpaceX. “Astronomy discussion with National Academy of Sciences,” press release, 28 April 2020.

“Impact of satellite constellations on optical astronomy and recommendations toward mitigations,” Satellite Constellations 1 Workshop Report,  29 June to 2 July 2020; https://aas.org/satellite-constellations-1-workshop.

“Dark and quiet skies for science and society,” report of online workshop, 5 to 9 October 2020, International Astronomical Union, https://www.iau.org/static/publications/dqskies-book-29-12-20.pdf.

“China pushes ahead with giant 13,000 satellite LEO constellation,” Spacewatch.global, 4 October 2020.

I. Klotz. “SpaceX rolling out satellite broadband service,” Aviation Week & Space Technology, 14 December 2020.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission. “Petition pursuant to Section 1.1307(c) of Viasat Inc., before the Federal Communications Commission, File No. SAT-MOD-20200417-00037,” 22 December 2020.

OneWeb. “OneWeb secures investment from SoftBank and Hughes Network Systems,” press release, 15 January 2021.

A. Mallama. “Starlink satellites are fainter now—but still visible,” Sky & Telescope, 22 January 2021.

J. Brodkin. “SpaceX Starlink passes 10,000 users and fights opposition to FCC funding,” Ars Technica, 4 February 2021.

U.S. Federal Communications Commission. “Petition for emergency and expedited rulemaking, in the matter of Healthy Heavens Trust Institute et al.,” 10 March 2021.

NASA Orbital Debris Office website.

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