1993 [C.J. Chang-Hasnain et al.]
“Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) are promising for optical interconnects, communications and signal processing. The most promising aspect lies in the prospect of eliminating low-yield and high-cost laser fabrication steps such as wafer lapping, cleaving, dicing, and facet coatings … [W]e have demonstrated a novel [passive antiguide region] design that results in excellent mode selection for large-aperture VCSELs without compromising other laser properties. This structure is expected to be useful also for obtaining high power and single mode from large aperture edge emitting lasers.”
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