Optics & Photonics News

Alexander's Dark Band Between Two Rainbows

A view of a double rainbow with a distinctly visible Alexander's dark band between the two rainbows. The order of the colors in the second arc, when compared to the colors in the first arc, are reversed du to the second internal reflection that takes place in the water droplet in the atmosphere. The image was captured on March 18, 2020 out of the back door of our laser labs in Tucson following a thunderstorm, and was captured in panorama mode with an iPhone X.

—Gregory J. Quarles, Applied Energetics, Inc., U.S.A.

01 Dec 2020

Bending of Light

In image total internal reflection and scattering of light is observed. The setup demonstrate bending of light. The laser red light in straight line bend with the stream of water due to TIR. The path of red light is visible due to collision of light with suspended particles in the water. Image was captured during the outreach program at CSIO, Chandigarh, India. The image is original and unprocessed. Camera samsung A8+ SM-A730F. Focal length 3.93 mm Aperture F1.7 ISO 1250 Exposure time 1/10s.

—Keshav Samrat Modi, OSA CSIO Chapter, India

01 Dec 2020

Charge of an Electron

The photograph shows the experiment to determine the specific charge of the electron (e/m0). The electrons are accelerated in an electric field (right in the picture) and enter perpendicularly into a magnetic field. This creates the Lorentz force and gives the electrons a circular path. By measuring the radius and considering the acceleration voltage and the magnetic field strength, the specific charge of the electron (e/m0) can be calculated. camera: ILCE-7RM4 lens: FE 24mm F1.4 GM 8,0 Sek; f/8; ISO 50

—Dan Curticapean, Offenburg University, Germany

01 Dec 2020

Glow Sticks

Different glow sticks were put together to form a ball shape and placed in the dark room. The photo was taken by changing the focal length very fast and an exposure time of 0.6 s. camera: Canon EOS 5D Mark III lens: EF24-70mm f/2.8L II USM (focal distance 44 mm) 0,6 Sek; f/8; ISO 12800

—Dan Curticapean, Offenburg University, Germany

01 Dec 2020

1950s Transistor X-Ray Images

X-ray image depicting early 1950s transistor technologies. Transistors revolutionized the world of electronics and are the fundamental building blocks of electronic devices today. Left to right: 1953 Bell Labs/Western Electric original prototype of an A1689 point-contact transistor—marketed later as 2N23; a 1954 Sylvania 2N35 alloy junction transistor; and a 1955 Raytheon CK722 alloy junction transistor. Image taken with a ZEISS Xradia 620 Versa X-ray microscope.

—Herminso Villarraga-Gómez, Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, U.S.A.

01 Dec 2020

Evolution of Transistors

X-ray image depicting the evolution of transistors. Left to right: 1951 Bell Labs original prototype of an A1698 germanium point-contact transistor—marketed later by Western Electric as the 2N22; 1953 Raytheon CK722—first mass-produced junction transistor; and a 2N6028 (4mm wide) silicon programmable unijunction transistor. Today, there can be billions of transistors in a fingernail-sized computer chip. Image taken with a ZEISS Xradia 620 Versa X-ray microscope.

—Herminso Villarraga-Gómez, Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, U.S.A.

01 Dec 2020

Three 1950s Transistors

X-ray image depicting three 1950s transistors. Left to right: 1953 Bell Labs original prototype of an M1777 PNP alloy junction device—later turned into the 2N66 Western Electric's first production power transistor; a 1955 Western Electric 2N110 PNP point-contact switching transistor; and a 1958 Fairchild 2N696/697 NPN silicon device—first commercial double-diffused transistor manufactured in the Silicon Valley. Image taken with a ZEISS Xradia 620 Versa X-ray microscope.

—Herminso Villarraga-Gómez, Carl Zeiss Industrial Metrology, U.S.A.

01 Dec 2020

Edge-Cracking of Tungsten Films

This painting comes from the edge-cracking of tungsten films (200 nm thick) on a silicon substrate and captured by KEYENCE VK-X1000 Microscope.

—Zhijun Xu, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China

01 Dec 2020

Panda Pattern

Formation of a panda pattern on tungsten films (200 nm thick with a silicon substrate) under irradiation of femtosecond laser beams. This optical micrograph is captured by KEYENCE VK-X1000 Microscope.

—Zhijun Xu, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China

01 Dec 2020

Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on graphene oxide (GO) films by focused azimuthally polarized femtosecond laser pulses. The ripple-like subtle fringes indicate the periodic photoreduction of GO and their directions are parallel to the fs laser beam polarization. KEYENCE VK-X1000 Microscope.

—Zhijun Xu, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China

01 Dec 2020

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Alexander's Dark Band Between Two Rainbows

Bending of Light

Charge of an Electron

Glow Sticks

1950s Transistor X-Ray Images

Evolution of Transistors

Three 1950s Transistors

Edge-Cracking of Tungsten Films

Panda Pattern

Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures

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