Feature Articles
When the venerable Optical Society of America took it upon itself to sponsor a series of "Workshops on Optical Fabrication and Testing," I do not believe any of those involved knew what to expect. I gather that this departure from the esoteric in¬tracies of coherence theory, lens design, and quantum electronics and entry into the much more practical realm of abrasives, pitch, and production technology was in response to a vague realization that sooner or later most theories and/or system designs must be proven in the cold, cruel world.
by Richard F. Weeks
![Manual probe system with needles for test of semiconductor on silicon wafer. [A. Morozov / Getty]](https://opnmedia.blob.core.windows.net/$web/opn/media/images/articles/2025/1125/departments/202511-cover-web.jpg?ext=.jpg)
![Researcher Clara Saraceno in the lab. [Image by Carsten Behler Photography]](https://opnmedia.blob.core.windows.net/$web/opn/media/images/articles/2025/1025/departments/202510-cover-web.jpg?ext=.jpg)