From Bad Ideas Come Good Ideas

Alan Eli Willner

Innovative ideas are often generated or refined by effective brainstorming.

The BeatlesThe Beatles—Paul McCartney, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and George Harrison—on stage during rehearsals at Television House, Kingsway, London, 1963. [D. Redfern / Redferns]

Stephen Fantone, the 2020 president of OSA (now Optica), said decades ago that even coherent laser light starts with a single spontaneous emission event. Similarly, potentially coherent ideas can be spontaneously emitted in a brainstorming event.

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